Numerical Study and Experimental Validation of Skim Milk Drying in a Process Intensified Counter Flow Spray Dryer

This research presents 3D steady-state simulations of a skim milk spray drying process in counter-current configuration dryer. A two-phase flow involving gas and discrete phase is modeled using the Eulerian–Lagrangian model with two-way coupling between phases. The kinetics incorporated Reaction Engineering Approach. predictions are found to be accordance experimental temperature measurements maximum average error 5%. validated computational employed further study effects nozzle position, initial Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD), air inlet temperature, feed rate on moisture profiles, particle impact positions, histories, product recovery at outlet. location upwards (?23 cm) resulted increased mean residence time similar trend was observed for highest 26 kg/h owing penetration upstream chamber. evaporation zone detected close atomizer (0–10 when SMD 38 µm, whereas it shifts (40–50 dryer an 58 µm. high enhanced rates only 10–20 cm distance from atomizer. results obtained this beneficial development novel vortex chamber-based reactors counter mechanism.